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|
| General
Characteristics of Common Polymers |
| |
Buna-N |
Neoprene |
| Common Names |
Buna-N, Nitrile, NBR |
Neoprene® |
| |
|
|
| ASTM D-2000
Classification |
BF, BG,
BK |
BC, BE |
| Military
(MIL STD 417) |
SB |
SC |
| Chemical
Definition |
Butadiene
Acrylonitrile |
Polychloroprene |
| |
|
|
| General Characteristics |
|
|
| Durometer
Range (Shore A) |
20 - 95 |
20 - 95 |
| Tensile
Range (P.S.I.) |
200 -
3000 |
500 -
3000 |
| Elongation (Max %) |
600 |
600 |
| Compression Set |
Good |
Good |
| Resilience - Rebound |
Good |
Excellent |
| Abrasion
Resistance |
Excellent |
Excellent |
| Tear Resistance |
Good |
Good |
| Solvent
Resistance |
Good to
Excellent |
Fair |
| Oil Resistance |
Good to
Excellent |
Fair |
| Low Temperature
Usage (F°) |
+30° to
-40° |
+10° to
-50° |
| High Temperature
Usage (F°) |
to 250° |
to 250° |
| Aging
Weather - Sunlight |
Poor |
Good |
| Adhesion
to Metals |
Good to
Excellent |
Good to
Excellent |
| |
|
|
| Comment |
Nitrile
(Buna-N) is a general purpose oil resistant polymer which
has good solvent, oil, water and hydraulic fluid resistance,
good compression set, abrasion resistance and tensile
strength.
Nitrile
should not be used in highly polar solvents such as acetone
and MEK, ozone, chlorinated hydrocarbons and nitro hydrocarbons.
|
Neoprene
is an all purpose polymer with many desirable characteristics.
It has additional plus features: high resilience with
low compression set; flame resistant; compounds free
of sulfur are easily made; and animal and vegetable oil
resistant generally not affected by moderate chemicals,
fats, greases and many oils and solvents.
Neoprene
is generally attacked by strong oxidizing acids, esters,
ketones, chlorinated aromatic and nitro hydrocarbons.
|
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|
Silicone |
| Common Names |
|
Silicone |
| |
|
|
| ASTM D-2000
Classification |
CA |
FC, FE,
GE |
| Military
(MIL STD 417) |
RS |
TA |
| Chemical
Definition |
|
Polysiloxane |
| |
|
|
| General Characteristics |
|
|
| Durometer
Range (Shore A) |
30 - 90 |
30 -90 |
| Tensile
Range (P.S.I.) |
500 -3000 |
200 -
1500 |
| Elongation (Max %) |
600 |
700 |
| Compression Set |
Good |
Good |
| Resilience - Rebound |
Good |
Good |
| Abrasion
Resistance |
Good |
Fair to
Poor |
| Tear Resistance |
Fair |
Poor |
| Solvent
Resistance |
Poor |
Poor |
| Oil Resistance |
Poor |
Fair to
Poor |
| Low Temperature
Usage (F°) |
-20° to -60° |
-60° to
-150° |
| High Temperature
Usage (F°) |
to 350° |
to 450° |
| Aging
Weather - Sunlight |
Excellent |
Excellent |
| Adhesion
to Metals |
Fair to Good |
Good |
| |
|
|
| Comment |
Ethylene
Propylene is a polymer with outstanding properties. It
has exceptionally good weather aging and ozone resistance;
excellent water and chemical resistance; excellent resistance
to gas permeability and excellent resistance to aging
due to exposure to steam; and heat resistance excellent
up to 350°F. Ethylene Propylene is a polymer where oil
and solvent resistance is poor, however, it is fairly
good in ketones and alcohols.
Ethylene
Propylene is not recommended for food applications or
exposure to aromatic hydrcarbons.
|
Silicone
Rubber has a great many variations and can be compounded
to meet any number of applications. Silicone can be compounded
to have tensile in the area of 1500 PSI and tear upto
200 lbs.; low compression set and good resilience; moderate
solvent resistance; excellent heat resistance; good release
characteristics; extreme low temperature properties;
and can be highly resistant to oxidation and ozone attack
Silicone
is generally attacked by most concentrated solvents,
oils, concentrated acids and dilute sodium hyrdoxide..
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| |
|
|
|
Fluorosilicone |
Fluoro Elastomers |
| Common Names |
Fluorosilicone |
Fluoro Elastomers |
| |
|
|
| ASTM D-2000 Classification |
FK |
HK |
| Military (MIL STD 417) |
MIL-R-25988, Ammend. 2 |
MIL-R-25897 and MIL-R-83248 |
| Chemical Definition |
Fluorosilicone |
Fluorinated Hydrocarbon |
| |
|
|
| General Characteristics |
|
|
| Durometer Range (Shore A) |
50
- 80 |
60
- 90 |
| Tensile Range (P.S.I.) |
500
- 800 |
500
- 2000 |
| Elongation (Max %) |
300 |
300 |
| Compression Set |
Good |
Good |
| Resilience - Rebound |
Excellent |
Fair |
| Abrasion Resistance |
Poor |
Good |
| Tear Resistance |
Poor |
Good |
| Solvent Resistance |
Fair |
Excellent |
| Oil
Resistance |
Good |
Excellent |
| Low
Temperature Usage (F°) |
-80° |
+10° to -10° |
| High Temperature Usage (F°) |
300° |
400° to 600° depending on time and service condition |
| Aging Weather - Sunlight |
Excellent |
Excellent |
| Adhesion to Metals |
Poor |
Good |
| |
|
|
| Comment |
Fluorosilicone is considerably more expensive
than silicone, however it is developed for special
applications where general resistance to oxidizing
chemical, aromatic and chlorinated solvent bases
is required.
Fluorosilicone is not recommended and is generally
attacked when exposed to brake fluids, hydrazine
and ketones. Fluorosilicone should not be confused
with silicone in regard to high heat resistance.
|
Fluoro Elastomers have high heat resistance up
to 600°F, and resistance to a wide reange of
oils and solvents; especially all aliphatic,
aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons, acids,
animal and vegetable oils.
Fluoro Elastomers are not recommended for ketones,
low molecular weight esters and nitro containing
compounds.
|
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|
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|
Natural
Rubber |
SBR |
| Common
Names |
Natural
Rubber |
SBR,
GRS |
| |
|
|
| ASTM D-2000 Classification |
AA |
AA, BA |
| Military (MIL STD 417) |
RN |
RS |
| Chemical Definition |
Polyisoprene |
Styrene Butadiene |
| |
|
|
| General Characteristics |
|
|
| Durometer Range (Shore A) |
20 - 100 |
30 - 100 |
| Tensile Range (P.S.I.) |
500 - 3500 |
500 - 3000 |
| Elongation (Max %) |
700 |
600 |
| Compression Set |
Excellent |
Good |
| Resilience - Rebound |
Excellent |
Good |
| Abrasion Resistance |
Excellent |
Excellent |
| Tear Resistance |
Excellent |
Fair |
| Solvent Resistance |
Poor |
Poor |
| Oil Resistance |
Poor |
Poor |
| Low Temperature Usage (F°) |
-20° to -60° |
0° to -50° |
| High Temperature Usage (F°) |
to 175° |
to 225° |
| Aging Weather - Sunlight |
Poor |
Poor |
| Adhesion to Metals |
Excellent |
Excellent |
| |
|
|
| Comment |
Natural Rubber has many good characteristics.
It has high resilience, good compression
set, food roll building behavior, and
molding properties; very good friction
surface, but not a fine smooth surface
when ground; high tear strength, low
crack growth; usable for ketones and
alcohol; and good low temperature properties.
Natural Rubber is not recommended for oil
and solvent resistance and ozone attacks
it.
|
SBR is a low cost non-oil resistant material.
It has good water resistance and resilience
up to 70 durometer; compression set becomes
poorer with higher durometer; generally
satisfactory for most moderate chemicals
and wet or dry organic acids.
SBR is not recommended for ozone, strong
acids, oils, greases, fats and most hydrocarbons.
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|
Urethane |
Butyl |
| Common Names |
Urethane, Polyurethane |
Butyl |
| |
|
|
| ASTM D-2000 Classification |
BG |
AA, BA |
| Military (MIL STD 417) |
SB |
RS |
| Chemical Definition |
Polyester/Polyether Urethane |
Isobutylene Isoprene |
| |
|
|
| General Characteristics |
|
|
| Durometer Range (Shore A) |
35 - 100 |
40 - 90 |
| Tensile Range (P.S.I.) |
500 - 6000 |
500 - 3000 |
| Elongation (Max %) |
750 |
850 |
| Compression Set |
Poor |
Fair to Good |
| Resilience - Rebound |
Good |
Fair |
| Abrasion Resistance |
Excellent |
Fair |
| Tear Resistance |
Excellent |
Good |
| Solvent Resistance |
Poor |
Poor |
| Oil Resistance |
Good |
Poor |
| Low Temperature Usage (F°) |
-10° to -30° |
-10° to -60° |
| High Temperature Usage (F°) |
to 175° |
to 250° |
| Aging Weather - Sunlight |
Excellent |
Excellent |
| Adhesion to Metals |
Fair to Good |
Good |
| |
|
|
| Comment |
The castable types have
excellent abrasion resistance;
good compression set at high
hardness levels; low friction
surface; tensile strengths up
to 6000 PSI; good ozone resistance;
good oil and solvent resistance;
and poor heat and hot water resistance.
The millable types of
Polyurethane are in wide use
today. Through the use of reinforcing
pigments and other chemicals,
desirable characteristics can
be obtained to fit a variety
of applications: wear resistance
is excellent and greatly superior
to most other polymers; the surface
is of low friction nature; oil
resistance is good and equivalent
to the better nitriles but is
not recommended for use in water
or heat above 175°F; plus good
ozone resistance and low rebound
characteristcs.
Urethane is not normally attacked by moderate
chemicals and hydrocarbons. It
is generally attacked by concentrated
acids, ketones, chlorinated and
nitro hydrocarbons.
|
Butyl rubber is impermeable to most common
gasses and has good resistance
to sunlight and ozone. Butyl
is normally satisfactory when
exposed to animal and vegetable
oils and oxidizing chemicals.
Butyl is not recommended for use with
petroleum solvent, coal tar and
aromatic hydrocarbons.
|
| |
|
|
|
Hydrin |
Hypalon |
| Common Names |
Hydrin |
Hypalon |
| |
|
|
| ASTM D-2000 Classification |
CH, DK, DJ |
CE |
| Military (MIL STD 417) |
SB |
SC |
| Chemical Definition |
Epichlorohydrin |
Chlorosulfonated/polyethylene |
| |
|
|
| General Characteristics |
|
|
| Durometer Range (Shore A) |
40 - 90 |
45 - 100 |
| Tensile Range (P.S.I.) |
500 - 2500 |
1000 - 3000 |
| Elongation (Max %) |
350 |
500 |
| Compression Set |
Good |
Fair |
| Resilience - Rebound |
Good |
Fair |
| Abrasion Resistance |
Good |
Excellent |
| Tear Resistance |
Good |
Good |
| Solvent Resistance |
Good |
Fair to Good |
| Oil Resistance |
Excellent |
Fair to Good |
| Low Temperature Usage (F°) |
-15° to -50° |
-30° to -60° |
| High Temperature Usage (F°) |
to 225° |
to 225° |
| Aging Weather - Sunlight |
Good |
Excellent |
| Adhesion to Metals |
Good |
Excellent |
| |
|
|
| Comment |
Epichlorohydrin is an outstanding polymer,
exhibiting most of the
better qualities of nitrile
and neoprene, but having
additional plus features:
oil and solvent resistance
is very good. Hydrin
has especially low swell
in gasoline; low temperature
performance is better
than either nitrile or
neoprene, and offers
less torsional stiffness
at sub zero temperatures;
high temperature endurance
is good up to 250°F;
resilience is good and
compression set is fairly
good in many compounds;
abrasion is equivalent
to the nitriles; and
ozone weathering and
water resistance are
very good.
Epichlorohydrin is generally attacked
by ketones, esters, aldehydes,
chlorinated and nitro
hydrocarbons.
|
Hypalon has very good resistance to oxidation
and ozone, as well as
good flame resistance;
it is similar to neoprene
except with improved
acid resistance; abrasion
resistance is excellent,
about the equivalent
of nitrile, low friction
surface; and oil and
solvent resistance about
intermediate between
neoprene and nitrile.
Hypalon is not recommended for exposure
to concentrated oxidizing
acids, esters, ketones,
chlorinated, aromatic
and nitro hydrocarbons.
Hypalon is recommended
for immersion in water.
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